Sample Quiz Questions: The Era of the Dictators
A comprehensive selection of statements is offered below so that you can study many of them and thus become casually familiar with the correct answers as you delve in your notes or text for them. With that factual background, when added to y
our analytical skills, you should be able to write effective essays.
Your answers (i.e., how you complete the statement) should both be grammatically
correct and make good historical sense.
TopicStalin's Russia
- A material advantage enjoyed by Stalin in his struggle for power against his Bolshevik rivals after 1924 was the position he held in the party apparatus, namely that of .................
- 'Building up socialism in a single state', in opposition to the ideas of promoting world revolution (as had been urged by Trotsky), was the goal advocated by .............
- In the late 1920s, as Stalin proceeded to take full control of the state, he put an end to the Leninist policy of ................ , a policy regarded by many old Bolsheviks as something of a betrayal of the socialist idea because........
.......
- The phrase "the liquidation of the kulaks as a class" implied that ....................
- Stalin's Five-Year Plan, adopted in early 1929, was designed to achieve both ............ and ...........
- The years between 1924 and 1928 saw a desperate struggle for power over the government of the Soviet Union between the two leading Bolshevik rivals
........... and ............... .The second rung of leading Bolsheviks in this period included ......... and .........
- In Dec. 1934 a leading Bolshevik figure, Serge Kirov, was assassinated. This fateful event inaugurated ........
- While Stalin's first Five-Year Plan was a relative success in the industrial development of the Soviet Union, other components of the Plan, namely, ................... , precipitated catastrophe
Topic:Weimar Germany: The Rise of the Nazi party
- One example of the use of force in compelling defeated Germany to live up to the terms of the treaty of Versailles was the ............. in 1923
- By the famous article 48 of the Weimar constitution, the president of the new German republic was empowered to .....................
- Explain the 'stab-in-the-back' legend that circulated in ..........
(country) after WWI: ............................................
- Between 1919 and 1923 the Weimar republic was rocked by three attempts to overthrow the government, as follows:
1919: emanating from the........................
1920: emanating from the.......................
1923: emanating from ..........................
- One lesson clearly learnt by Hitler following his failed attempt to
overthrow the government was that in terms of his future political strategy he
...................
- For the period between 1924 and 1929, it may be said that as far as the economic situation in Germany was concerned, the country was .............. This did not bode well for the political fortunes of ..........
- The great boost to the Nazis' political fortunes in the 1930 election may be attributed to .............
- The essential doctrines of Hitler's Mein Kampf, insofar as Germany's future was concerned, looked to ............... and ........................
- The so-called Dawes and Young plans were devised to solve the issue of
............... as they pertained to ............. . The obligations of that
country in that respect were finally resolved when ......................
- After 1924 a new spirit of cooperation emerged among the powers of western Europe. In 1925 France and ........ signed the Locarno treaty by which
the latter country accepted . . . . . . However, there was to be no acceptance of her border with .........
- No factor contributed more to Hitler's success in achieving leadership of the government than the economic crisis. This began around ............. and its worst effects were demonstrated by the prevalence of .......... which Hitler promis
ed to solve
See if you can choose the one correct answer in each of the following:
- One problem working against Hitler's elevation as
chancellor in 1932 was the fact that :
- the Nazis clearly intended to come to power by force
- all the other parties united against Hitler
- the president was reluctant to give office to Hitler
- The 1925 Locarno treaty :
- guaranteed Germany's eastern border with Poland
- guaranteed Germany's western border with France
- recognized the neutrality of Belgium
- The so-called Kapp-Lüttwitz putsch against the German government in
1920 was designed to :
- install a right-wing dictatorship
- rid the country of occupying Allied soldiers
- establish communism in Germany
- The crucial factor in the selection of Hitler as chancellor in Jan. 1933
was :
- his promise to persecute the Jews
- the support of the army
- the possibility of the NSDAP providing a parliamentary majority
- The period 1924-28 was, for the Nazi party, one in which they :
- established their growing dominance in electoral politics
- rivaled their left-wing opponents in parliament
- made only moderate gains in popularity
- In terms of the political allegiance of Germans prior to 1933, it may be
said that :
- Catholic voters in rural areas gave little support to the Nazis
- working-class voters supported the Nazis in overwhelming numbers
- middle- and upper-class Germans were particularly resistant to the Nazi
appeal
- In terms of the appeal of the Nazi party to the general population, it is
seen that :
- workers joined the party in disproportionately high numbers
- workers were underrepresented in the party in comparison with other groups
- workers overwhelmingly rejected the Nazi message
- Although Hitler came to power legally in 1933, it is pertinent to note that
the Nazis had :
- just secured a majority of the Reichstag seats
- secured fewer seats than the socialists
- never had achieved more than about 45% of the votes of the German electorate
- The French occupation of the Ruhr valley in 1923 was intended to :
- exact reparations sanctioned by the treaty of Versailles
- reclaim territory ceded by the treaty of Versailles
- prevent the breakdown of German government occasioned by political unrest
- One lesson clearly learned by Hitler from the disaster of the 1923 putsch
was the fact that :
- power would have to be won by compromising with other political parties
- better preparation had to be made for the next putsch attempt
- he should use the electoral system to achieve popular power
- Nazi electoral successes were an important factor in Hitler's eventual
claims to the premiership. For instance, in the 1930 election, the Nazi party :
- had become the largest party in the Reichstag
- had edged out the socialists for the first time
- had captured a little over 100 of the parliamentary seats
Topic:Hitler's Germany
- The so-called Nuremberg Laws were directed against ............. and
stipulated, for example, that ...........
- On June 1, 1933 the Nazi regime issued its law for the reduction of
unemployment, which created a loan scheme that benefited newly married couples
provided that .....................
- 'Coordination' of the teaching profession was undertaken at an early stage to insure political reliability and commitment to Nazi ideology. The main impact of the changes in the school curriculum was seen in three subjects in particular:
German literature, ......... and .........
- Hitler became chancellor (i.e., prime minister) with constitutional
legitimacy in January 1933. However, he was determined to exercise his power without the constraints of a constitution. What gave him his dictatorial powers was the .............. passed in March 1933, for which the legislative support of .............. h
ad been crucial
- After the takeover of power in 1933, the first Nazi initiative in labor policy was to destroy ............. . These were replaced by a Nazi-inspired ................. to regulate the workplace
- In order to come to terms with the Catholic church, Hitler in 1933 signed a concordat with the Pope. The price paid by the Church in Germany for this apparent assurance of freedom of worship was that .........................
- Whether or not the Reichstag fire of Feb. 1933 was set by the Nazis, it certainly was they who profited by it, particularly insofar as the emergency decree signed by the president on the following day enabled the regime to ...............
....
- Between the summer and fall of 1932 the Nazis received a severe shock to their political fortunes. As evidence of this we may cite.................
- One of the problems faced by the Nazi regime in 1933 was that of
unemployment. Among the several measures specifically designed to attack that
problem were :................... , ................ and ...........
- The Nazis extolled the traditional virtues of family life, and in that
regard closed down birth-control clinics. Among other measures promoted by the government were those that placed curbs on .................
- In the vote on the Enabling Act, when Hitler required a 2/3rds majority to set aside the constitution, his victory was assured by the exclusion from parliament of ............ and the promised (coerced!) votes of ...........
- The so-called 'Aryan paragraph' was increasingly used in the public and private sectors of Nazi Germany as a device to .......................
See if you can select the one correct answer in each of the following:
- The Nazi 'total' state was never quite all pervasive. Nowhere in the early years of the regime were the limits to Nazi power more observable than in:
- the SA
- the military
- the churches
- The concordat concluded in 1933 between the Nazis and the Vatican:
- preserved the operation of Catholic schools
- granted priests immunity from prosecution
- established the Catholic church as the dominant religious establishment in
Germany
- It is fair to say that once the Nazis were in power, both Catholics and Protestants:
- generally accepted the new regime
- were unalterably opposed to the regime
- divided their loyalties: Protestant-----pro-regime; Catholic----anti-regime
vv - The so-called Night of the Long Knives (June 30, l934)
saw:
- the elimination of the dissident elements in the SA
- the purging of the army officers hostile to Nazism
- the murderous pogrom against Jews
- By their electoral victory in March 1933 (i.e., after
Hitler's appointment as chancellor) the Nazis:
- had achieved a majority of the votes
- won 2/3rds of the seats in parliament
- still lacked the support of a majority of German voters
- The racial and eugenic nature of Nazi population policy is clearly seen in:
- the prevalence of birth-control and abortion clinics
- a law for preventing hereditarily diseased offspring
- the encouragement of Aryan marriages between persons of mixed religions
- In 'Mein Kampf' Hitler emphasized that for the development of a mass
political movement, what was necessary was:
- a nationalist ideology
- an anti-Semitic policy
- propaganda and organization
- One of Hitler's successes as chancellor was the rapid reduction in the
unemployment statistics. Among the measures contributing to this was:
- facilitating emigration to former German colonies
- the marriage bonus system for newly-marrieds
- the mass hiring of female college graduates
- The Nazi attitude toward women was determined largely by Nazism's
ideological foundations. In that regard, women:
- were to take their place beside men in the workplace
- played an increasing role in the management of the Nazi party
- were to perform the task that 'nature and Providence' had decreed
- After seizing power, the Nazis began to implement their ideas on the role of
women in society. For example, the regime:
- decreed early marriage for all females
- established a loan scheme to encourage early marriage
- provided day-care centers to boost female labor in the arms industry
- When Hitler became chancellor in 1933, he was bent on eliminating all
parliamentary opposition to his takeover of full power. In setting the stage for
this, he made the greatest tactical use of the:
- Roehm/SA affair
- Reichstag fire
- Enabling act
Topic:Hitler's War
- An example of Chamberlain's policy of 'appeasement' is the agreement
made at Munich in Sep. 1938 whereby ......... and ......... agreed to . . . . .
- An early indication that Hitler was dismantling the treaty of
Versailles in defiance of .............. and ............ were the announcements in 1935 that Germany was undertaking .............. and was introducing .........
- The concept of Lebensraum developed by .............. envisaged the
acquisition of territories in ............
- While Hitler's economic aim in 1933 was the ending of unemployment,
the comprehensive Four-Year Plan of 1936 was designed to ......................
- In 1936 another link in the chain of the treaty of Versailles was broken when Hitler .............. . The fact that no action was taken by either ......... or ............ signaled that they were more interested in ...........
- Hitler's first real adventure in foreign policy occurred in the
spring of 1938 when he forced ................ to .....................
- Czechoslovakia was the acid test of appeasement. What was at issue here was .............................. .The crisis was resolved when
......................
- The dismemberment of Czechoslovakia in March 1939 finally convinced .......... and .......... of the utter failure of the appeasement policy. An indication of the British reversal of policy after that event was the pledge offered t
o ..................... that ................
- On August 23, l939 the world woke up to the startling news that
........................... It was an ominous turn of events that in effect
sealed the fate of ...................
- With the signing of the Nazi-Soviet pact, Hitler was now able to
...................... without fear of intervention by his great rival to the east, namely, ..................
- Although ostensibly a neutral power before her entry into the war in
December 1941, the U.S. signaled her general support for the British war effort by ....................
- Although the Allied success in maintaining the delivery of war
materiel to the Soviet Union was of vital importance for the war effort, the real 'turning point' of the land war in the east, and a bitter defeat for German arms, was the ..............................
- To achieve its purposes, the United Nations organization, established
in 1945, was equipped with six major organs. Among these are: the Security Council for maintaining peace and order among the nations; and the General assembly comprising ...............
- "From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an 'iron
curtain' has descended across the continent of ................", warned Winston Churchill in 1946. This statement referred to the fact that ...................
- The terms 'cold war' , 'coexistence' and 'détente' refer to the
varying nature of the post-war relationship between, on the one hand, ................ and, on the other, ...............
- "The wind of change is blowing across this continent, and whether we
like it or not this growth of national consciousness is a political fact, and our national policies must take account of it." This statement by British prime minister Harold Macmillan in 1960 referred to ..........................
See if you can select the one correct answer in each of the following:
- The winter of 1939-40 witnessed the so-called 'phony war', a name prompted by:
- the primitive weapons used by Germany's opponents
- the inactivity of France and Britain
- the failure of the Allied offensive against Germany
- The correct order of occurrence, from the earliest to the most recent,
in the following is:
- Anschluss; Rhineland remilitarization; Munich pact
- Rhineland remilitarization; Anschluss; Munich pact
- Munich pact; Rhineland remilitarization; Anschluss
- Germany's absorption of Austria, making it part of the Third Reich,
both improved its strategic position in central Europe and had daunting implications for the survival of (circle the one correct answer):
- Poland
- Czechoslovakia
- Danzig
- Hitler's problem with Poland centered around (c:
- the heavy reparations due that country by Germany
- the corridor of land that cut off east Prussia from the rest of Germany
- the threat posed by superior Polish forces allied to Russia
- Historians have perceived several aggressive steps taken by the Nazi
regime on the road to war before the final act in Sep. 1939. One such step was:
- the Locarno treaty
- the so-called Anschluss
- the 'Brown Terror'
- The main objective of the Nazi Four-Year Plan was to:
- provide the economic strength to pay off the reparations bill
- increase the importation of needed raw materials
- achieve national self-sufficiency
- The concept of Lebensraum as used by Hitler meant the belief that
Germany had to acquire:
- the return of Alsace-Lorraine
- the acquisition of non-German territory in the east
- the return of former German colonies
- Soon after Hitler's access to power, the initial apprehensiveness of
the German army command was considerably allayed by:
- the remilitarization of the Rhineland
- the rearmament program
- the Roehm/SA purge
- The policy of appeasement is often cited as one cause of WWII. The
strategy of the so-called 'appeasers' included such notions a:
- setting up firm alliances against Hitler
- acknowledging the legitimate grievances of Germany
- accommodating Hitler by canceling WWI reparations payments
- As a signal of the Nazi regime's growing alienation from the
international standards promoted by the western democracies, Hitler in 1933:
- took Germany out of the League of Nations
- announced his intention of rearming Germany
- concluded an alliance with the Soviet Unio
n
- Hitler's military conquests after 1939 created the opportunity to
put his racial program into effect by 'solving' the so-called Jewish question. This resulted, ultimately, in:
- the deportation of German Jews
- the resettlement of German and Austrian Jews
- the extermination of European Jews
- As the war dragged on and Germany became more vulnerable to attack, an
element of terror for the German population became:
- destruction wrought by solid-fuel rockets
- sabotage work by terror groups of Allied commandos
- saturation bombing of German cities
- The most nearly successful assassination attempt on the life of Hitler
was the famous July 20 (1944) plot carried out by:
- the communist resistance
- a lone assassin
- German army officers
Complete the following story:
During his first two years in office, Hitler was preoccupied primarily with .................... in Germany. Thus he pursued a cautious foreign policy without taking excessive risks while insisting to foreign journalists that .................
... Nevertheless, he denounced the Geneva Disarmament conference and at the same time (Oct 1933) withdrew Germany from .................. , denouncing it as simply a front for France's political
domination of Europe.
Meanwhile, while denying all accusations to the contrary, his government was in
fact ................ even in this early phase of the regime's existence. At any
rate, the German government was able to announce in March 1935 that Germany ............ , thus openly defying the treaty of Versailles. No combined military or economic action was taken against her by the three powers (namely, ........... , .............
.. and .............. .) who had met at Stresa in Apr. 1935 to consider these events. This lack of action only encouraged
Hitler, in fact speeding up his decision to achieve another great success in
violating the treaty on March 7, 1936, namely, ............. , the first of
his lightning strokes in foreign policy. The democracies reacted the way Hitler had expected to his gamble by .................... . Convinced that the democracies would not oppose changes in central Europe, Hitler proceeded to realize the dream of all p
an-Germans by .......................... in
March 1938, thus improving Germany's strategic position and facilitating the
intolerable pressure he now began to exert against ................... over the ensuing months. His demands in this case focused on the supposed intolerable living conditions endured by ........................ . Deserted by her allies and unable to resis
t German threats, ............ capitulated in Sep. 1938, being forced to submit to the Munich Agreement stipulating that ........................ . Shortly after this Hitler began to focus on the city
of Danzig, a German enclave in .......... territory. thus setting in train the events that culminated in .................. on Sep. 1, l939
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