Short
Answer Questions
(assignment 13)
Notes:
1)
This assignment, like ALL assignments in this class, must be typed.
See handout on class expectations
2)
You MUST use blackboard's digital dropbox (details here)
to submit this homework; if you do not use microsoft word,
be sure to follow these directions
(EXCEPT FOR THE MAP, SEE BELOW)
3) BE
SURE TO FOLLOW THE FILE-NAMING CONVENTIONS FOR THIS COURSE.
All files should be saved on your computer as:
your last name, followed by an underscore ("_"), followed
by the first two letters of your first name, followed
by an underscore ("_"), followed by the
assignment number. So if a student named Saddam Hussein were to
submit assignment number 13, the file name would be:
hussein_sa_13.doc
THIS
IS ASSIGNMENT 13
This homework
is due at the start of class and can
NOT be turned in late
This homework can NOT
be revised
This homework is worth
2.5% of you final semester
grade, or 250 Fritz Points
Questions
indicated by [SA] are short answer questions and require a sentence
or less to answer and are worth 2 points
Questions indicated by [MA] are medium answer questions and will
require two to four sentences to answer, and are worth 3 to 5 points
Questions by [LA] are long answer
and will require one to one and a half paragraphs to answer, and
are worth 5 to 10 points.
DON'T STOP UNTIL YOU GET
TO QUESTION22 (BUT NOTE THE EXTRA-CREDIT)
Questions
on Gilbert and Reynolds, Africa in World
History available on Electronic Reserves
1) [MA] How does the etymology (noun: the origin of a word or part
of a word, or a statement of this and how it has arrived at its
current form and meaning.) of the English word for “slave”
reveal the origin of most of Europe’s slaves before 1440?
2) [SA] How did Arab traders acquire slaves in the Transaharan slave
trade?
3) [LA] According to Thornton, how and why did the availability
(or scarcity) of land and people foster the growth of slavery in
Africa before the rise of Trans-atlantic slave trade. Use your own
words
4) [MA] Describe a “pawn” and how pawnship both resembled
slavery and differed from it.
5) [LA] How did the Italian ability to respond to three challenges
of sugar production give rise to the plantation system?
6) [SA] Who worked the sugar plantations of Cyprus?
7) [MA] What two developments in the middle of the 15th century
both obliged and allowed Europeans to switch from enslaving the
populations of the Black Sea cost in Eastern Europe and start purchasing
slaves from Africa?
8) [SA] After the discovery of the wind system in the Atlantic,
where did sugar production move from and where did it move to?
9) [SA] Why did the Portugese replace the Italians as the major
supplier of Europe’s slaves?
10) [SA] Before 1700, what was the most important product the Portugese
imported from Africa?
11) [SA] (two part question) (A) What did the Portugese buy in the
African kingdom of Kongo to sell to the African states in what is
now Ghana? (B) What did the Portugese import from those states?
12) [LA] Why is the island of Sao Tome so important for understanding
the history of slavery? In other words, what role did the island
play in creating the system of slavery that later developed?
13) [SA] If hatred had driven Europeans’ choice of which people
to enslave, who would have been the most logical population for
them to enslave in the 15th and early 16th centuries?14) [SA] How
many Europeans came to the new world as outright slaves (rather
than as simply indentured servants)?
------------------------
Questions on Davis, Challenging the Boundaries of Slavery,
pp. 17 - 19 (they are, however, VERY small pages) available from
Electronic Reserves
14) [10 points]
TWO PART QUESTION: (A) Using an atlas and
the information provided by Davis on p.18 , indicate on the attached
map the places from which Europeans
acquired slaves between 1204 and 1400 (ignore Mingrelians, Ciracsians,
and Tatars).(B) Using an atlas and the information provided by Davis
on p.18, indicate on the same map the places to which Europeans
sold slaves between 1204 and 1400 (ignore “other mediteranean
markets”). So, you should have lines indicating sources of
slaves and markets for those slaves.
15) [MA]Explain
how and why the slave trade that delivered 10,000 slaves to Florence,
Italy between 1414 and 1423 was different from or similar to the
slave trade that eventually transported Africans to the New World?
That is, what aspects of the trade made the two systems similar
or dissimilar?
16) [LA] Why, according to Davis, did Europeans turn to Africa for
slaves?
---------------
Questions
on 36 - 39 of John Thornton's Africa
and Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World
available on Electronic Reserves
17 ) [MA] Europeans exploring the west coast of Africa in the 15th
century hoped to repeat in that continent what they had done so
cruelly in the Atlantic Islands earlier; that is, conquer the territory
and enslave the inhabitants. Yet these European schemes got smashed
fairly quickly by Africans themselves. How did Africans force Europeans
-- as Thornton writes -- "to abandon the time-honored tradition
of trading and raiding and substitute a relationship based more
or less completely on regulated trade" In other words, how
did African elites compel Europeans -- to the Europeans' great displeasure
-- to trade for enslaved Africans on terms dictated by African elites
themselves?
18) [MA]
As the author recounts, in 1645 Boston city officials both returned
a group of enslaved Africans taken during raids (rather than traded
for) on the African coast and apologized for their seizure.
How well do these actions by the Boston city officials fit in with
the general pattern of trading relations between African elites
and Europeans and why?
------------
Questions From the Textbook Reading
19) [SA] When European
slave traders first began their trade in Africa,
were they introducing a new form of commerce
to the Continent? Why or Why not? USE
YOUR OWN WORDS.
20) [SA]
The high number of males among the enslaved Africans in the trans-Atlantic
trade is partially explained by the demand of European planters
for male labor, and partly by what other factor that was internal
to Africa?
( KEEP A COPY OF YOUR ANSWER TO THIS QUESTION, IT WILL BE USEFUL
TO YOU FOR YOUR UPCOMING SLAVE TRADE PAPER)
RESISTING
SLAVERY
On both sides of the Atlantic, enslaved persons
used a variety of means to fight against their inhumane treatment
rather than passively accept their enslavement. You may be interested
in this
article by a noted African historian on the efforts by enslaved
Africans laboring on plantations in the Sakoto Caliphate (then
the largest state in Africa south of the Sahara) to achieve
greater autonomy in their lives. These efforts resemble in several
significant ways the many struggles
by slaves in the Americas to resist the dehumanizing aspects
of enslavement. |
21)[LA]
Explain -- using examples -- how the slave trade wrecked some African
polities and helped build others. Provide an example for each
outcome (wreck & build) and explain how your example supports
your point. This Long Answer question may require a full and
detailed paragraph to answer completely
USE YOUR OWN WORDS.
(KEEP A COPY OF YOUR ANSWER TO THIS QUESTION, IT WILL BE USEFUL
TO YOU FOR YOUR UPCOMING SLAVE TRADE PAPER)
22)
[LA] Plantation slavery in the American South in the 1850s-- wherein
slaves produced commodities like cotton
for sale on the market -- was often referred to at the time as the
South's "peculiar institution." Using the textbook's discussion
of "Africa's New Slave-Supplying Polities,"
assess how "peculiar" (that is, how unusual) in the world
at the time was slavery in the Americas and Caribbean and why? If
it was peculiar, in what ways was it peculiar? Note that
the question asks about slavery -- not the slave trade.
SUPPORT YOUR ANSWER WITH EVIDENCE FROM
THE ENTIRE TEXTBOOK READING FOR THIS ASSIGNMENT.This is not a question
that you can answer by "looking it up" in the reading.
You must think about it. LIKEWISE, THAT THIS QUESTIONS COMES AT
THE END OF THE ASSIGNMENT DOES NOT MEAN THE EVIDENCE NECESSARY TO
ANSWER IT COMES FROM THE END OF THE READING.
EXTRA-CREDIT
(up to ten extra points)
In two to
three paragraphs, describe why Davis thinks that the decision by
Europeans to use enslaved Africans -- rather than enslaved Europeans
or indentured servants -- is best explained by timing rather
than prejudice (although there absolutely would be plenty
of that later on). Be sure to have at least three
points of evidence for your argument and to identify your claim/evidence/warrant
structures.
