Short Answer Questions
(assignment 22)

Notes:

1) This assignment, like ALL assignments in this class, must be typed. See handout on class expectations

2) You MUST use blackboard's digital dropbox (details here) to submit this homework; if you do not use microsoft word, be sure to follow these directions

3 ) BE SURE TO FOLLOW THE FILE-NAMING CONVENTIONS FOR THIS COURSE.

All files should be saved on your computer as: your last name, followed by an underscore ("_"), followed by the first two letters of your first name, followed by an underscore ("_"), followed by the assignment number. So if a student named Saddam Hussein were to submit assignment number 22, the file name would be:

hussein_sa_22.doc

THIS IS ASSIGNMENT 22

---

Answer the following questions using your own words and not those of the readings. Answers that replicate the authors’ language will receive no credit. Each of these questions are "long answer" and will require at least a paragraph. Be sure to provide specifics.

From the Textbook reading:

1) Nationalism is an ideology [a collection of ideas ideas proposed by the dominant class of a society to all members of this society] that argues that the nation, ethnicity or national identity is a fundamental unit of human social life. Moreover, the ideology of nationalism claims that the nation is the only legitimate basis for government; accordingly, each nation is entitled to its own government. So, if there is a German people who share a common language and history, there should by a German state ("Germany"); if there are Italians, they too should have an "Italy" and so on. Nationalism was born in 16th century England and eventually spread to other communities.

As the textbook notes, in resisting colonialism, elites in India pushed to develop the idea of Indian Nationalism. Two questions, then:

(1A) From where did Indian elites in particular acquire this rather modern idea? For Indian elites, what was the origin of the idea of nationalism? (hint: NOT what made "thinking of India as a single country possible," but from where did such elites adopt this idea that they then applied to India?)

(1B) How and why did that origin (see question 1A) encourage Indian elites to standardize Indian colloquial languages, reformulate aspects of Hinduism, "invent" Indian traditions, and fabricate parts of Indian History in their efforts to develop the idea of Indian Nationalism? In short, how and why did where Indian elites got the idea of Nationalism influencewhat shape it would take? USE YOUR OWN WORDS

(hints: (A) no one line in the textbook will answer this question; you will have to think about the material (B) the changes discussed in 1B above made aspects of Indian culture more like the culture of which region? (C) what common goal did all these changes have? (D) What can that common goal tell us about the influence of the origin of Indian Nationalism on the elites' program?)

Clarifying note: When the textbook reads "In this formulation, Indianness was 'revived' not 'invented'" the textbook means that the Indian elites who were "inventing" Indian histories thought of themselves as merely "reviving" Indian history (even if in actuality they were fabricating it).

2) In a paragraph entirely of your own words, describe how and WHY the Hindu intelligentsia, in resisting British colonialism, created an ethnically exclusive (although nationalist) vision of India? Be clear in your answer who got excluded from this vision and KEEP IN MIND YOUR RESPONSE TO QUESTION 1 ABOVE. Read carefully and don't assume you know the answer.

You may want to keep a copy of this answer to help you with your final paper.

---

From the Electronic Reserve Reading: J. McNeil, "Retreat From Globalization" in The Human Web, pp 288 - 295

3) In a paragraph entirely of your own words, describe what particular characteristics of the new economic order the Russian (also referred to as "Soviet" in the reading) and Italian “alternatives” responded to AND how these “solutions” were supposed to solve the problems at hand.

BE PRECISE!!! DO NOT USE DIRECT QUOTATIONS IN YOUR RESPONSE. USE YOUR OWN WORDS AND ONLY YOUR OWN WORDS.

Hints: A) The answer to question 3 is spread across several paragraphs; you will have to synthesize material from several points in the reading. B) Words from the reading you may not know: buffer: somebody or something that reduces shock or impact or protects against other harm buffeting: . buf·fet·ed, buf·fet·ing, buf·fets v. tr. 1 To hit or beat, especially repeatedly. 2 To strike against forcefully; batter: winds that buffeted the tent. 3 To drive or force with or as if with repeated blows: was buffeted about from job to job by the vagaries of the economy.

4 ) In a paragraph entirely of your own words, carefully explain how and why governments' efforts to save themselves in the wake of the 1929 crash produced consequences on world trade linkages that were remarkably simi liar to the consequences of the Black Death (addressed in the beginning of the semester) on world trade linkages. AGAIN, THE QUESTION DOES NOT ASK YOU TO DISCUSS THE DEATH AND SUFFERING ASSOCIATED WITH THE PLAGUE & THE 29 CRASH, BUT RATHER COMPARE THE CONSEQUENCES OF BOTH ON GLOBAL TRADE!

5) In a paragraph entirely of your own words, describe how and why dam building in the US and Soviet Union (Russia) was a similar response to similar forces as the move to "developmental" colonial governments in Asia and Africa. USE YOUR OWN WORDS

6) Why is this section of the book entitled "Retreat from Globalization"? Be specific in your response and provide examples for every point you make.