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Describe the different dissociative disorders and why DID appears to be on the rise. What are the features and causes of mood disorders: depression and bipolar disorder? What are the five major symptoms of schizophrenia and what are its causes? What are the different types of personality disorders and what common features do they share? U&j     2  Somatoform Disorders    dPhysical ailments that cannot be explained by organic conditions and are mostly due to psychological causes The patient is not consciously faking or  malingering Different from psychosomatic disorders True physical ailments, caused in part by psychological factors like stress Ulcers, high blood pressure <hh2     Somatoform Disorders    Hypochondriasis Preoccupation with one s health that is unwarranted Hop from MD to MD Overly sensitive to normal bodily sensations Also more physiologically reactive Reinforced by attention and sympathy from others ,UU(      ,Somatoform Disorders    lConversion Disorder Loss of function in a particular organ without a physical cause Loss of vision, paralysis of limb Freud   anxiety converted into physical ailment Glove anesthesia- ailment is not anatomically possible Expressed lack of concern about illness rather than defensiveness (seen in malingerers)*##6      Etiology of somatoform disorders     Histrionic personality Self-centered, excitable, dramatic Thrive on attention Cognitive factors Excessive attention on physiological processes Exaggerated sense of normal body functionL7Y7Y     Dissociative disorders(        EDisorders in which people lose contact with conscious awareness or memory Dissociative amnesia Sudden loss of memory for important events that is too large to be normal Differs from organic amnesia due to traumatic brain injury Fugue state entire life and identity are forgotten May last for hours or years before awakening j` T` TBI           (Dissociative disorders(        mDissociative identity disorder Formerly, multiple personality disorder Existence of two or more distinct personalities More common among women than men Often, one alter does not know about the others Seems to be on the rise. Why? Savvy people faking for personal gain (the Hillside Strangler, Kenneth Bianchi) perhaps due to differences in how therapists diagnose ZZZZZ  (   a     "Etiology of dissociative disorders4           An extreme case of normal behavior? Dissociation when driving Dissociative fugues and amnesia are related to stress Is DID caused by therapists? Small number of therapists diagnose overwhelming majority of cases Is DID caused by sexual abuse?j$UUSUCUU$SCB=           Mood disorders    Episodic emotional disturbances that disrupt physical, perceptual, social and thought processes Major depression Persistent feelings of sadness/despair Anhedonia - loss of interest in pleasure Feelings of worthlessness Problems sleeping and concentrating, restlessness Fatigue and slowness Suicidal ideation Age of onset is variable, women more likely Median = 4 depressive episodes nqZKKZ  ZpK  B           Mood Disorders    Bipolar disorder Formerly called manic-depression Periods of mania and depression Mania includes Racing thoughts Delusions of grandeur Increased impulsivity (sex, gambling) Age of onset is 20 s`UQULUUQL     Etiology of Mood Disorders    rGenetic predisposition (twin studies), especially strong for bipolar disorder Neurochemical imbalances Norepinephrine and serotonin Deficit leads to depression, surplus leads to mania Cognitive explanations Learned helplessness Hopelessness caused by a pessimistic explanatory style Rumination about depression Are cognitions the cause or the effect? Poor social skillsgPQPPPPfQM                       Schizophrenic disorders    Disturbed thought rather than mood Positive symptoms Delusions (false beliefs) Hallucinations (sensory experiences in the absence of external stimuli) Disorganized speech (word salad) Maladaptive behavior (personal hygiene) Negative symptoms Sometimes blunted or flat affect T6"6"    Types of Schizophrenia    Paranoid Delusions of persecution and grandeur Catatonic Motor disturbances (rigidity to random activity) Disorganized Disorganized thought and speech Severe deterioration of adaptive behavior Delusions about body functions Undifferentiated  & 1 i & 1 i    Etiology of schizophrenia    Genetic vulnerability (48% IT, 17% FT) Excess dopamine (positive symptoms) Antipsychotic drugs that block dopamine Amphetamines increase dopamine and symptoms Autopsies reveal excess dopamine receptors Neurological defects (negative symptoms) Lead to an inability to screen out unimportant sensory information Enlarged brain ventricles or small thalamus Diathesis-stress model (disposition + stress = S)KUU)UoU2UK)o14J    <    Personality disorders    7Extreme, inflexible personality that causes distress or impaired functioning Narcissistic personality disorder Exaggerated sense of self-importance Preoccupied with success Entitlement issues Borderline personality disorder Unstable self-image and relationships Fear of abandonment Boundary issues and splittingoUQU UXUnPW7    Personality Disorders    Antisocial personality Lack of concern with rights of others Rejection of social norms Manipulative and aggressive No remorse for transgressions Criminal behavior More likely in men RUUP    Abnormal behavior and the law    XInsanity and mental illness Insanity is a legal term, not psychological Does mental illness prevent the defendant from understanding the wrongfulness of his/her actions or conforming to the law Most mental disorders do not meet the legal definition of insanity Insanity defense is rarely used Involuntary commitment Dangerous to self or othersU,UzUcUUU,zcX    v  ` 3ffffƍ` 3f3fff̙3ff̙` ______` 3f33>?" dZ@$?lKd@   l@  P`lA n?" dd@   @@``PT   @ ` `p>>    ((  (<T  ( "h ( s *"h ( s *"" ( <y?G0*"p` <  ( 6{? 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T3f3f___PPT10e.+o%D' = @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*h%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*hH%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*hH%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*h%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*h%%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*h%=%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*h=Y%(+8+0+h  +rp &dMa,pZʥ% T7m; <!\O(,047wD .;7( / 0DTimes    jOn-screen Shown-s Times New RomanArial Wingdings CapsulesDSomatoform, Dissociative, Personality, Mood, and Thought Disorders Learning ObjectivesSomatoform DisordersSomatoform DisordersSomatoform Disorders!Etiology of somatoform disordersDissociative disordersDissociative disorders#Etiology of dissociative disordersMood disordersMood DisordersEtiology of Mood DisordersSchizophrenic disordersTypes of SchizophreniaEtiology of schizophreniaPersonality disordersPersonality DisordersAbnormal behavior and the law  Fonts UsedDesign Template Slide Titles_?ckoverackovera&Hhj2--X$*hijptyeYPJIHIJPYet(.0000.+(<KW`fhhhf`WK<y+pjih--& &}}#&}e%-3f-$ccc#c#}#}#}}--&&b%-3f-$ puy| }|yu"p#b#b--&&&& & {& --b-- @"Arial ?ww 0w f- 3f.2 Somatoform, ++ . 3f.2  Dissociative#   . 3f. 2 , . 3f.62 Personality, Mood, and Thought   )  . 3f.2 j Disorders# .--l3-- 3f@"Arial ww 0w f- ff.!2 Modules 42 and 43   .--"System f !-&TNPP &՜.+,0    jOn-screen Shown-s Times New RomanArial Wingdings CapsulesDSomatoform, Dissociative, Personality, Mood, and Thought Disorders Learning ObjectivesSomatoform DisordersSomatoform DisordersSomatoform Disorders!Etiology of somatoform disordersDissociative disordersDissociative disorders#Etiology of dissociative disordersMood disordersMood DisordersEtiology of Mood DisordersSchizophrenic disordersTypes of SchizophreniaEtiology of schizophreniaPersonality disordersPersonality DisordersAbnormal behavior and the law  Fonts UsedDesign Template Slide Titles_l?ckoverackovera  !"#$%&'()*+,./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~! "#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<?@ABCRoot EntrydO)p8'>Pictures YCurrent User>5SummaryInformation(\ PowerPoint Document(-DocumentSummaryInformation8.New Roman?v 0( 0DArialNew Roman?v 0( 0" DWingdingsRoman?v 0( 0 ` .  @n?" dd@  @@`` h4P R6]*( 21 ..5 HH,,,,>> () ()       HG   /Xb$M)"],K d*(@b$>e0,.0(@ 0e0e A@A5%8c8c     ?1d0u0@Ty2 NP'p<'p@A)BCD|E?@8-\.]9g4DdDdv 0ppp@ <4!d!d` 0L? <4BdBd 0LpZʚ;ʚ;<4dddd{ 00___PPT10 v___PPT9XP8? %f+CSomatoform, Dissociative, Personality, Mood, and Thought Disorders &      ,  Modules 42 and 43   !Learning Objectives   What are somatoform disorders and how do they differ from psychosomatic disorders? Describe the different dissociative disorders and why DID appears to be on the rise. What are the features and causes of mood disorders: depression and bipolar disorder? What are the five major symptoms of schizophrenia and what are its causes? What are the different types of personality disorders and what common features do they share? U&j     2  Somatoform Disorders    dPhysical ailments that cannot be explained by organic conditions and are mostly due to psychological causes The patient is not consciously faking or  malingering Different from psychosomatic disorders True physical ailments, caused in part by psychological factors like stress Ulcers, high blood pressure <hh2     Somatoform Disorders    Hypochondriasis Preoccupation with one s health that is unwarranted Hop from MD to MD Overly sensitive to normal bodily sensations Also more physiologically reactive Reinforced by attention and sympathy from others ,UU(      ,Somatoform Disorders    lConversion Disorder Loss of function in a particular organ without a physical cause Loss of vision, paralysis of limb Freud   anxiety converted into physical ailment Glove anesthesia- ailment is not anatomically possible Expressed lack of concern about illness rather than defensiveness (seen in malingerers)*##6      Etiology of somatoform disorders     Histrionic personality Self-centered, excitable, dramatic Thrive on attention Cognitive factors Excessive attention on physiological processes Exaggerated sense of normal body functionL7Y7Y     Dissociative disorders(        EDisorders in which people lose contact with conscious awareness or memory Dissociative amnesia Sudden loss of memory for important events that is too large to be normal Differs from organic amnesia due to traumatic brain injury Fugue state entire life and identity are forgotten May last for hours or years before awakening j` T` TBI           (Dissociative disorders(        mDissociative identity disorder Formerly, multiple personality disorder Existence of two or more distinct personalities More common among women than men Often, one alter does not know about the others Seems to be on the rise. Why? Savvy people faking for personal gain (the Hillside Strangler, Kenneth Bianchi) perhaps due to differences in how therapists diagnose ZZZZZ  (   a     "Etiology of dissociative disorders4           An extreme case of normal behavior? Dissociation when driving Dissociative fugues and amnesia are related to stress Is DID caused by therapists? Small number of therapists diagnose overwhelming majority of cases Is DID caused by sexual abuse?j$UUSUCUU$SCB=           Mood disorders    Episodic emotional disturbances that disrupt physical, perceptual, social and thought processes Major depression Persistent feelings of sadness/despair Anhedonia - loss of interest in pleasure Feelings of worthlessness Problems sleeping and concentrating, restlessness Fatigue and slowness Suicidal ideation Age of onset is variable, women more likely Median = 4 depressive episodes nqZKKZ  ZpK  B           Mood Disorders    Bipolar disorder Formerly called manic-depression Periods of mania and depression Mania includes Racing thoughts Delusions of grandeur Increased impulsivity (sex, gambling) Age of onset is 20 s`UQULUUQL     Etiology of Mood Disorders    rGenetic predisposition (twin studies), especially strong for bipolar disorder Neurochemical imbalances Norepinephrine and serotonin Deficit leads to depression, surplus leads to mania Cognitive explanations Learned helplessness Hopelessness caused by a pessimistic explanatory style Rumination about depression Are cognitions the cause or the effect? Poor social skillsgPQPPPPfQM                       Schizophrenic disorders    Disturbed thought rather than mood Positive symptoms Delusions (false beliefs) Hallucinations (sensory experiences in the absence of external stimuli) Disorganized speech (word salad) Maladaptive behavior (personal hygiene) Negative symptoms Sometimes blunted or flat affect T6"6"    Types of Schizophrenia    Paranoid Delusions of persecution and grandeur Catatonic Motor disturbances (rigidity to random activity) Disorganized Disorganized thought and speech Severe deterioration of adaptive behavior Delusions about body functions Undifferentiated  & 1 i & 1 i    Etiology of schizophrenia    Genetic vulnerability (48% IT, 17% FT) Excess dopamine (positive symptoms) Antipsychotic drugs that block dopamine Amphetamines increase dopamine and symptoms Autopsies reveal excess dopamine receptors Neurological defects (negative symptoms) Lead to an inability to screen out unimportant sensory information Enlarged brain ventricles or small thalamus Diathesis-stress model (disposition + stress = S)KUU)UoU2UK)o14J    <    Personality disorders    7Extreme, inflexible personality that causes distress or impaired functioning Narcissistic personality disorder Exaggerated sense of self-importance Preoccupied with success Entitlement issues Borderline personality disorder Unstable self-image and relationships Fear of abandonment Boundary issues and splittingoUQU UXUnPW7    Personality Disorders    Antisocial personality Lack of concern with rights of others Rejection of social norms Manipulative and aggressive No remorse for transgressions Criminal behavior More likely in men RUUP    Abnormal behavior and the law    XInsanity and mental illness Insanity is a legal term, not psychological Does mental illness prevent the defendant from understanding the wrongfulness of his/her actions or conforming to the law Most mental disorders do not meet the legal definition of insanity Insanity defense is rarely used Involuntary commitment Dangerous to self or othersU,UzUcUUU,zcX    r l.;  !"#$%&'()*+,-/0123456789:;<=Oh+'0, hp  0 < HT\Abnormal PsychologyDefaultNC:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Templates\Presentation Designs\Capsules.pot\ckovera33vMicrosoft PowerPointoso@p?=~@K@*'G g  X& &&#TNPP2OMi & TNPP &&TNPP    --- !---̙--- !---w@ ww 0w f- &Hhj2--X$*hijptyeYPJIHIJPYet(.0000.+(<KW`fhhhf`WK<y+pjih--& &}}#&}e%-3f-$ccc#c#}#}#}}--&&b%-3f-$ puy| }|yu"p#b#b--&&&& & {& --b-- @"Arial ?ww 0w f- 3f.2 Somatoform, ++ . 3f.2  Dissociative#   . 3f. 2 , . 3f.62 Personality, Mood, and Thought   )  . 3f.2 j Disorders# .--l3-- 3f@"Arial ww 0w f- ff.!2 Modules 42 and 43   .--"System f !-&TNPP &՜.+,0