EYEWITNESS RESEARCH GROUP
Faculty
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Memory development, suggestibility, deception, eyewitness identification accuracy, and the accuracy and credibility of children's testimony. |
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The effects of double-blind lineups on the reliability of eyewitness identifications |
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Reliability of identification techniques (show-ups, mug shot searching, simultaneous and sequential lineups, envelope lineup, & multiple perpetrator crimes), other-race (other-group) effect, effects of double-blind administration on identification accuracy, and variations on pre-lineup instructions ( e.g., cautious, change of appearance). |
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Eyewitness expertise and the courts |
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Eyewitness guessing, the effects of police instructions to witnesses, the impact on accuracy of identification procedures, meta-analysis of eyewitness research (stress effects and mugshot searches), expert appraisals of the state of the science concerning eyewitnesses |
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Students
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Caroline Crocker |
Jason Mandelbaum |
Anna Rainey |
Dario Rodriguez |
Brian Wallace |
Publications 1997-Present
Bornstein, Brian H.; Penrod,
Steven D. (2008). Hugo who? G. F.
Arnold's alternative early approach to psychology and law. Applied Cognitive
Psychology, 759-768.
Ceci, S. J., Crossman,
A. M., Gilstrap, L., & Scullin,
M. H. (1998). Social and cognitive factors in children’s testimony. In C.
P. Thompson, D. J. Herrmann, D. Bruce, D. G. Payne, J. D. Read, & M. P. Toglia (Eds.), Eyewitness memory: Theoretical and applied
perspectives (pp. 15-30).
Ceci, S. J., Crossman,
A. M., Scullin, M., Gilstrap,
L., & Huffman, M.L. (2002). Children’s suggestibility research: Implications for the
courtroom and the forensic interview. In H. L. Westcott, G. M. Davies, & R.
Bull (Eds.), Children’s testimony: A handbook of psychological research and
forensic practice (pp. 117-130).
Ceci, S. J., Huffman, M. L., Crossman, A. M., Scullin,
M. H., & Gilstrap, L. (2001). How reliable are
children’s memories? In S. O. White (Ed.), Handbook of youth
and justice (pp. 329-345).
Ceci, S. J., Huffman, M. L., Crossman, A. M., Scullin,
M. H., & Gilstrap, L. (1996). How reliable are
children’s memories? In
Ceci, S. J., Powell,
M. B., & Crossman, A. M. (1999). The scientific
status of children’s memory and testimony. In D. L. Faigman,
D. H. Kaye, M. J. Saks, & J. Sanders (Eds.), Modern scientific evidence:
The law and science of expert testimony (Suppl. Vol. 3, pp. 40-69).
Copple, R., Torkildson, J., & Kovera,
M. B. (in press).
Expert psychological testimony: Admissibility standards. In B. L. Cutler (Ed.),
The encyclopedia of psychology and law.
Crocker, C., Sothmann, F. C., & Kovera, M. B. (in press). Voir dire. In B. L. Cutler (Ed.), Greathouse, S. M., Copple,
R., & Kovera, M. B. (in press). Double-blind lineup procedures. In B. L. Cutler (Ed.), The encyclopedia of psychology and law.
Crossman, A. M. (2004). Question of taint in
child witness reporting remains a challenge. Section on Child Maltreatment
Newsletter, 8(3), 5-6.
Crossman, A. M. (in press). Just what the
doctor ordered: Medical and psychological expert testimony in child abuse
cases. Section on Child Maltreatment Newsletter.
Crossman, A. M., & Caron, D. (2006). Interviewing and the child witness: Pitfalls and safeguards.
NYS Psychologist, 8(4), 14-19.
Crossman, A. M., Powell, M. B.,
Crossman, A. M., Scullin,
M. H., & Melnyk, L. (2004). Individual
and developmental differences in suggestibility. Applied
Cognitive Psychology, 18, 941-945.
Crossman, A. M., Scullin,
M. H., & Melnyk, L. (Eds.) (2004). Special issue:
Individual and developmental differences in suggestibility. Applied
Cognitive Psychology, 18(8).
Cutler, B. L., & Kovera, M. B. (2008). Introduction to commentaries on
the Illinois Pilot Study of lineup reforms. Law and Human Behavior, 32,
1-2.
Deffenbacher, K. A., Bornstein, B. H., McGorty,
E. K., & Penrod, S. D. (2008). Forgetting the once-seen face: Estimating the strength of an
eyewitness's memory representation. Journal of Experimental Psychology:
Applied, 14, 139-150.
Deffenbacher, K. A.;
Bornstein, B. H.; & Penrod, S. D. (2006). Mugshot
exposure effects: retroactive interference, mugshot
commitment, source confusion, and unconscious transference. Law and Human
Behavior, 30, 287-307.
Deffenbacher, K. A.;
Bornstein, B. H.; Penrod, S. D. & McGorty,
K. (2004).
A meta-analytic review of the effects of high stress on eyewitness
memory. Law and Human Behavior, 28, 687-706.
Devenport, J. L., Penrod,
S. D., & Cutler, B. L. (1997). Eyewitness identification evidence: Evaluating commonsense
evaluations. Psychology, Public Policy & Law, 3, 338-361.
Dysart, J. E., Lindsay,
R. C. L., & Dupuis, P. R. (2006). Show-ups: The critical issue of clothing bias. Applied Cognitive
Psychology, 20, 1009-1023.
Dysart, J. E.,
Lindsay, R. C. L., MacDonald, T. K., & Wicke, C. (2002). The intoxicated
witness: Effects of alcohol on identification accuracy.
Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 170-175.
Dysart, J. E. &
Lindsay, R. C. L. (2001). A pre-identification questioning effect: Serendipitously increasing correct rejections. Law and Human
Behavior, 25, 155-165.
Dysart, J. E., Lindsay,
R. C. L., Hammond, R., & Dupuis, P. (2001). Mug shot exposure prior
to lineup identification: Interference,
transference, and commitment
effects. Journal of Applied
Psychology, 86, 1280-1284.
Dysart, J. E., &
Lindsay, R. C. L. (2007). The effects of delay on eyewitness
identification accuracy: Should
we be concerned?
In R. C. L. Lindsay, D. R. Ross, J. D. Read, & M. P. Toglia
(Eds.), The handbook of eyewitness psychology, Vol II,
Memory for People (pp. 361-376). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence
Erlbaum.
Dysart, J. E., & Lindsay, R. C. L. (2007).
Show-up identifications: Suggestive technique or reliable
method? In R. C. L. Lindsay, D. R. Ross, J. D. Read,
& M. P. Toglia (Eds.),
The handbook of eyewitness psychology, Vol II, Memory for People (pp. 137-154). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Dysart, J. E. (accepted).
Mugshots. Encyclopedia of
Psychology and Law. Sage.
Dysart, J. E. (accepted). Alcohol intoxication
and eyewitness identification. Encyclopedia
of Psychology and Law. Sage.Doyle, J. M., Penrod, S.,
Kovera, M. B. & Dysart,
J. (2006). The street, the lab, the courtroom, the meeting room. Public
Interest Law Reporter, 11, 13-16, 31, 46.
Garry, M., Strange, D.,
Bernstein, D. M., & Kinzett, T. (2007). Photographs can distort memory for
the news. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 21, 995-1004.
Greathouse, Sarah M.; Kovera, Margaret Bull. (2009). Instruction bias and lineup
presentation moderate the effects of administrator knowledge on eyewitness
identification. Law and Human Behavior,
33, 70-82.
Groscup,
J., & Penrod, S. (2003). Experts in criminal cases: Police versus
psychologists, Seton Hall Law Review, 33, 1141-1165.
Groscup,
J, Penrod, S., Huss, M., Studebaker, C., & O'Neil, K. (2002). The effects of Daubert v. Merrell Dow
Pharmaceuticals on the admissibility of expert testimony in state and federal
criminal cases. Psychology, Public Policy, & Law, 8, 339-372.
Hasel, Lisa E. Kassin, Saul M.
(2009). On the
Presumption of Evidentiary
Huffman, M. L. C., Crossman, A. M., & Ceci,
S. J. (1997).
“Are false memories permanent?”: An investigation of
the long-term effects of source misattributions. Consciousness and Cognition,
6, 482-490.
Kassin, S. M. (2006). Judging
eyewitnesses, confessions, informants, and alibis: What is wrong with juries,
and can they do better? In A. Heaton-Armstrong, E. Shepherd, G. Gudjonsson, & D. Wolchover,
(Eds.), Witness Testimony: Psychological, Investigative and Evidential
Perspectives (pp. 639-673).
Kassin, S.M., Tubb, V.A., Hosch,
H.M., & Memon, A. (2002). Eyewitness researchers as experts
in court: Responsive to change in a dynamic and rational process. American
Psychologist, 57, 378-379.
Kassin, S.M. (2002). Human judges of
truth, deception, and credibility: Confident but erroneous. Cardozo Law Review,
23, 809-817.
Kassin, S.M., Tubb, V.A., Hosch,
H.M., & Memon, A. (2001). On the "general
acceptance" of eyewitness testimony research: A new survey of experts.
American Psychologist, 56, 405-416.
Kassin, S.M. (2005). True witness: Cops,
courts, science, and the struggle against misidentification, by James M. Doyle.
American Psychology Law Society News, 25, No. 1, 3-5,
19.Kassin, S.M. (1998). Eyewitness identification procedures: The fifth
rule. Law and Human Behavior, 22, 649-653.
Kovera, M. B. & Borgida, E. (1998). Expert scientific testimony on
child witnesses in the age of Daubert. In S.
J. Ceci & H. Hembrooke
(Eds.), Expert witnesses in child abuse cases: What can and should be said in
court (p. 185-215).
Kovera, M. B., & Borgida, E. (1997). Expert testimony in child sexual abuse trials: The
admissibility of psychological science. Applied Cognitive
Psychology, 11, S105-S129.
Kovera, M. B., & McAuliff, B. D. (1999). Child witnesses in custody cases:
The effects of system and estimator variables on the accuracy of their reports.
In R. Galatzer-Levy & L. Kraus (Eds.), The scientific basis of child custody decisions (pp.
157-187).
Kovera, M.,
Leippe, M. R., Eisenstadt, D. E., Rauch, S. M., & Seib, H. (2004) Timing of eyewitness expert testimony, jurors’ need for cognition, and case strength as determinants of trial verdicts. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 524-541.
Leippe, M. R., & Eisenstadt, D. (2008). Social influences on eyewitness confidence: The
social psychology of memory self-certainty. In
R. M. Arkin, K. C. Oleson,
& P. J. Carroll (Eds.), The uncertain self: A handbook of perspectives from
social and personality psychology.
Leippe, M. R., & Eisenstadt, D. (2007). Eyewitness confidence and the
confidence-accuracy relationship in memory for people. In R. C. L. Lindsay, D. F. Ross, J. D. Read, & M. P. Toglia (Eds.), Handbook of eyewitness
psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 377-425).
Leippe, M. R., Eisenstadt, D., Rauch, S. M., & Stambush,
M. (2006). Effects of social-comparative memory feedback on eyewitnesses’
identification confidence, suggestibility, and retrospective memory reports.
Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 28, 201-220.
Leippe, Michael
R.; Eisenstadt, Donna; Rauch, Shannon M.; Cueing
confidence in eyewitness identifications: Influence of biased lineup
instructions and pre-identification memory feedback under varying lineup
conditions. Law and Human Behavior, Vol 33(3), Jun 2009. pp. 194-212.
Levett, L. M., & Kovera, M. B. (2002, December). Psychologists battle over the
general acceptance of eyewitness research. APA Monitor,
33(12), 23.
Levett, L. M., & Kovera, M. B. (in press). The effectiveness
of educating jurors about unreliable expert evidence using an opposing witness.
Law and Human Behavior.
McAuliff, B. D., & Kovera, M. B. (2006). Estimating the effects of
misleading information on witness accuracy: Can experts tell jurors something
they don’t already know? Applied Cognitive Psychology.
Melnyk, L., Crossman,
A. M., & Scullin, M. (in press). The
suggestibility of children’s memory. In M. P. Toglia,
J. D. Read, D. F. Ross, & R. C. L. Lindsay (Eds.), Handbook of eyewitness
psychology: Memory for events.
Penrod, S. (2003). Eyewitness identification evidence: how well are witnesses and police
performing? Criminal Justice, Spring, 36-47,
54.
Penrod, S. (2005). Eyewitnesses. In L. E.
Sullivan & M. S. Rosen (Eds.). Encyclopedia of
Law Enforcement, Vol. 1.
Penrod, S. (2005). Lineups. In L. E. Sullivan
& M. S. Rosen (Eds.). Encyclopedia of Law
Enforcement, Vol. 1.
Penrod, S., & Bornstein, B. H. (2007). Generalizing eyewitness
reliability research. In Lindsay, Rod C. L. (Ed); Ross, David F. (Ed);
Read, J. Don (Ed); Toglia, Michael P. (Ed), The
handbook of eyewitness psychology, Vol II: Memory for
people. (pp. 529-556).
Penrod, S. & Cutler, B.L. (1999). The case against traditional safeguards: Preventing
mistaken convictions in eyewitness identification trials. In R. Roesch & S. Hart, Psychology and Law: State of the
Discipline. Plenum:
Phillips, M., McAuliff, B. D., Kovera, M. B., & Cutler, B. L. (1999). Double-blind
lineup administration as a safeguard against investigator bias. Journal
of Applied Psychology, 84, 940-951.
Pryke, S., Lindsay,
R. C. L., Dysart, J. E., & Dupuis, P. R.
(2004). Multiple independent identification decisions: A method of calibrating eyewitness
identifications. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89,
73-84.
Russano, M. B.,
Dickinson, J. J., Greathouse, S. M., & Kovera,
M. B. (2006).
“Why don’t you take another look at number three?” Investigator
knowledge and its effects on eyewitness confidence and identification
decisions. Cardozo Public Law, Policy, and Ethics Journal, 4, 355-379.
Smith, S. M., Lindsay, R. C. L., Pryke, S., & Dysart, J. E. (2001). Postdictors
of eyewitness errors: Can
false identifications be diagnosed
in the cross-race situation? Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 7, 153-169.
Steblay, N., Dysart, J.
E., Fulero, S., & Lindsay, R. C. L. (2001). Eyewitness accuracy rates in sequential and simultaneous
line-up presentations: A meta-analytic comparison. Law and Human Behavior, 25, 459-473.
Steblay, N., Dysart, J.
E., Fulero, S., & Lindsay, R. C. L. (2003).Eyewitness accuracy rates in
police showup and lineup presentations:
A meta-analytic comparison. Law and Human Behavior, 27, 523-540.apters
Strange, D., & Garry, M. (2007). On cognition and the media. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 21, 979-980.
Strange, D., Clifasefi, S., & Garry, M. (2007). False Memories.
In Garry, Maryanne (Ed); Hayne, Harlene (Ed), Do
justice and let the sky fall: Elizabeth Loftus and her contributions to
science, law, and academic freedom. (pp. 137-168).
Strange, D., Garry, M., & Sutherland, R. (2003). Drawing out
children's false memories. Applied Cognitive
Psychology, 17, 607-619.
Strange, D., Gerrie, M. P., & Garry, M. (2005). A few seemingly
harmless routes to a false memory. Cognitive Processing, 6, 237-242.
Strange, D., Hayne, H., & Garry, M. (2008). A photo, a
suggestion, a false memory. Applied Cognitive
Psychology, 22, 587-603.
Strange, D., Sutherland, R., & Garry, M. (2006). Event plausibility does not
determine children's false memories. Memory, 14, 937-951.
Strange, D., Wade, K., & Hayne, H. (2008). Creating false memories for events
that occurred before versus after the offset of childhood amnesia. Memory, 16, 475-484.
Sutherland, R., Strange, D.,
& Garry, M. (2007). We have got the whole child witness thing figured out, or have we?. In Della Sala, Sergio (Ed),
Tall tales about the mind & brain: Separating fact from fiction. (pp.
91-102).
Van Wallendael, L.R., Devenport, J.,
Cutler, B.L. & Penrod, S. (2007). Mistaken
Identification=Erroneous Convictions? Assessing and Improving Legal
Safeguards. In R.C.L. Lindsay, D. Ross, D Read & M. Toglia, (Eds.), Handbook of eyewitness psychology
(Vol. II): Memory for people.
Wells, G. L., Memon, A. & Penrod,
S. D. (2006).
Eyewitness Evidence: Improving its Probative Value. Psychological
Science in the Public Interest, 7, 45-75.
Wells,
G.L., Small. M., Penrod, S., Malpass, R. S., Fulero,
S. M. & Brimacombe, C. A. E. (1998). Eyewitness
identification procedures: Recommendations for lineups and photospreads.
Law and Human Behavior, 22, 603-647.
Research Grants
Penrod, S. D. National Science Foundation, Eyewitness Guessing and Accuracy: Subjective Experience and Objective Determinants ($212,836, 9/1/2004-8/31/06) With Lisette Garcia.
Penrod, S. D. National Science Foundation, Reducing Eyewitness Identification Errors: Procedural Strategies, ($298,398, 7/15/03-1/15/06).
Penrod, S. D. National Science Foundation, Meta-Analysis of Facial Identification Research: A Reappraisal ($140,669, 5/01-4/03). With Brian Bornstein.
Margaret Bull Kovera and Brian Cutler. National Science Foundation SBE# 9986240 (2000-2003) Title: Investigator bias in identification procedures: Mechanisms and safeguards. Amount: $191,682
Penrod, S. D. National Science Foundation, A Continuing Empirical Analysis of the Admissibility of
Expert Testimony: Investigating the Effects of Kumho
Tire v.
Penrod, S. D. CUNY Research Foundation, Sequential vs. Serial Lineup Identification Procedures. ($4800, 03/01/2002-06/30/2003)
Penrod, S. D. National Science Foundation, A Scientific Examination of the Admissibility of Scientific Expert Testimony Under Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals. ($78,000, Sept 1997-March 1999).
Margaret Bull Kovera. Florida International University Foundation (1997) Title: Cognitive, social, and developmental factors in suggestibility: A meta-analysis Amount: $10,978