PSY72300 The Psychology of Legal Decisionmaking
Mon: 12:05-2:05pm Room 2117N Steve Penrod
Office:
2116N, ph: 212-237-8877
spenrod@jjay.cuny.edu
http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~spenrod/papers/
This page:
http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~spenrod/eye/
Back to John Jay College home page
Writing Requirements:
Major Written: Conduct New Research or write proposals on psych-law questions, or write a legal brief built on eyewitness research 15 pages double-spaced.
Minor Written: Commentaries in advance of 10 class meetings, file a 300 word commentary on readings in response to assigned readings. Submit commentary, critiques, evaluations, ideas for discussion. These are due Monday morning at 9 am in advance of class. Commentaries should be numbered sequentially and the class date to which the commentary refers should be noted. Electronic submission only–see email address above--subject line should identify the class, the date the class meets and your comment #--for example:
Penrod Class 10/3/08 [indicate the class date] #1 ------please place comments in the body of the email --- no attachments
Textbooks: None
Readings: Assignments include relevant appendices--it is likely all readings will be provided electronically for downloading
No Exam: No final.
Grades: 20% classroom participation, 30% commentaries, 20% timely reading of assignments (assessed at end of semester), 30% papers.
Link to AP-LS membership site: http://www.ap-ls.org/about/joinStep1.php [$15 including 6 issues of Law and Human Behavior]
September 15
Weapon focus: Remembering and
identifying menacing perpetrators: Exposure to violence and the weapon focus
effect. Pickel, Kerri L. In Lindsay, Rod C. L. (Ed); Ross, David F.
(Ed); Read, J. Don (Ed); Toglia, Michael P. (Ed). The handbook of eyewitness
psychology, Vol II: Memory for people. (pp. 339-360).
Exposure Time: Yarmey, A. D. (2000). Retrospective duration estimations for variant and invariant events in field situations. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 14, 45-57.
Stress Effects: Deffenbacher, K. A.; Bornstein, B. H.; Penrod, S. D. & McGorty, K. (2004). A Meta-Analytic Review of the Effects of High Stress on Eyewitness Memory. Law and Human Behavior, 28, 687-706.
Tim Valentine, Jan Mesout (in press) Eyewitness identification under stress in the London Dungeon. Applied Cognitive Psychology
Morgan, C. A., Hazlett, G., Doran, A., Garrett, S., Hoyt, G., Thomas, P., Baranoski, M., & Southwick, S. M. (2004). Accuracy of eyewitness memory for persons encountered during exposure to highly intense stress. International Journal of Law & Psychiatry, 27(3), 265-279.
Reisberg,
Daniel; Heuer, Friderike. The influence of emotion on memory in forensic
settings. Toglia, Michael P. (Ed); Read, J. Don (Ed); Ross, David F. (Ed);
Lindsay, R. C. L. (Ed). The handbook of eyewitness psychology, Vol I: Memory
for events. (pp. 81-116).
September 22
Description Accuracy and ID Accuracy: Meissner,
Christian A.; Sporer, Siegfried L.; Schooler, Jonathan W. Person
descriptions as eyewitness evidence. Lindsay, Rod C. L. (Ed); Ross,
David F. (Ed); Read, J. Don (Ed); Toglia, Michael P. (Ed). The handbook of
eyewitness psychology, Vol II: Memory for people. (pp. 3-34).
A
theoretical review and meta-analysis of the description-identification
relationship in memory for faces. Meissner, Christian A.; Sporer, Siegfried
L.;
Cross-Race Effects: Brigham, John C.; Bennett, L. Brooke; Meissner,
Christian A.; Mitchell, Tara L. The influence of race on eyewitness memory. In Lindsay, Rod C. L. (Ed); Ross, David F. (Ed);
Read, J. Don (Ed); Toglia, Michael P. (Ed). The handbook of eyewitness
psychology, Vol II: Memory for people. (pp. 257-281).
Memory Aids: How can we help witnesses to remember more? It's an (eyes) open and shut case. Perfect, Timothy J.; Wagstaff, Graham F.; Moore, Dawn; Andrews, Blake; Cleveland, Victoria; Newcombe, Sarah; Brisbane, Kelly-Ann; Brown, Leanne Law and Human Behavior. 2008 Aug Vol 32(4) 314-324
Lineup Construction: Selection of lineup foils in operational contexts. Darling, Stephen; Valentine, Tim; Memon, Amina Applied Cognitive Psychology. 2008 Mar Vol 22(2) 159-169
September 29--No Class
October 6
Forgetting: The effects of
delay on long-term memory for witnessed events. Read, J. Don; Connolly,
Deborah A. Toglia, Michael P. (Ed); Read, J. Don (Ed); Ross, David F. (Ed);
Lindsay, R. C. L. (Ed). The handbook of eyewitness psychology, Vol I: Memory
for events. (pp. 117-155).
The effects of
delay on eyewitness identification accuracy: Should we be concerned?
Dysart, Jennifer E.; Lindsay, R. C. L. Lindsay, Rod C. L. (Ed); Ross, David
F. (Ed); Read, J. Don (Ed); Toglia, Michael P. (Ed). The handbook of eyewitness
psychology, Vol II: Memory for people. (pp. 361-376).
Forgetting the once-seen face: Estimating the strength of an eyewitness's memory representation. Deffenbacher, Kenneth A.; Bornstein, Brian H.; McGorty, E. Kiernan; Penrod, Steven D. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied. 2008 Jun Vol 14(2) 139-150
Co-Witnesses/Feedback: Can eyewitnesses correct for external influences on their lineup identifications? The actual/counterfactual assessment paradigm. Charman, Steve D.; Wells, Gary L. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied. 2008 Mar Vol 14(1) 5-20
The mitigating effects of suspicion on post-identification feedback and on retrospective eyewitness memory. Neuschatz, Jeffrey S.; Lawson, Deah S.; Fairless, Andrew H.; Powers, Ráchael A.; Neuschatz, Joseph S.; Goodsell, Charles A.; Toglia, Michael P. Law and Human Behavior. 2007 Jun Vol 31(3) 231-247
October 14—Tuesday!!
Lineup Administration: Lineup
construction and lineup fairness. Malpass, Roy S.; Tredoux, Colin
G.; McQuiston-Surrett, Dawn Lindsay, Rod C. L. (Ed); Ross, David F.
(Ed); Read, J. Don (Ed); Toglia, Michael P. (Ed). The handbook of eyewitness
psychology, Vol II: Memory for people. (pp. 155-178).
When is an intervening line-up most likely to affect eyewitness identification accuracy?. Pezdek, Kathy; Blandon-Gitlin, Iris Legal and Criminological Psychology. 2005 Sep Vol 10(2) 247-263.
Eyewitness accuracy rates in police showup and lineup presentations: A meta-analytic comparison. Steblay, Nancy; Dysart, Jennifer; Fulero, Solomon; Lindsay, R.C.L. Law and Human Behavior. 2003 Oct Vol 27(5) 523-540.
Show-up
identifications: Suggestive technique or reliable method?. Dysart,
Jennifer E.; Lindsay, R. C. L. Lindsay, Rod C. L. (Ed); Ross, David
F. (Ed); Read, J. Don (Ed); Toglia, Michael P. (Ed). The handbook of
eyewitness psychology, Vol II: Memory for people. (pp. 137-153).
Deffenbacher, K. A.; Bornstein, B. H.; & Penrod, S. D. (2006). Mugshot exposure effects: retroactive interference, mugshot commitment, source confusion, and unconscious transference. Law and Human Behavior, 30, 287-307.
October 20
Lineup Administration: A re-examination of the effects of biased lineup instructions in eyewitness identification. Clark, Steven E. Law and Human Behavior. 2005 Oct Vol 29(5) 575-604
Biased lineup instructions and face identification from video images. Thompson, W. Burt; Johnson, Jaime Journal of General Psychology. 2008 Jan Vol 135(1) 23-36
Eyewitness misidentification: Single vs double-blind comparison of photospread administration. Perlini, Arthur H.; Silvaggio, Andrew D. Psychological Reports. 2007 Feb Vol 100(1) 247-256
Alberts, W., Penrod, S., Wallace, B. & Duncan, J. (July 2008). Steering Witnesses in an Identification Procedure. EAPL, Maastrict.. Steering in the eyewitness identification procedure
Greathouse, S. M., & Kovera, M. B. (2008). Instruction bias and lineup presentation moderate the effects of administrator knowledge on eyewitness identification. Law and Human Behavior.
The phenomenology of carryover effects between show-up and line-up identification. Haw, Ryann M.; Dickinson, Jason J.; Meissner, Christian A. Memory. 2007 Vol 15(1) 117-127.
Davis, D.,
Loftus, E. F., Vanous, S., & Cucciare, M. (2008). 'Unconscious
transference' can be an instance of 'change blindness'. Applied Cognitive
Psychology, 22, 605-623.
October 27
Sequential: Steblay, N., Dysart, J., (2008). Seventy Tests of the Sequential Superiority Effect: A Meta-Analysis A 15-page Word version of text The Tables Only
Lineup composition, suspect position, and the sequential lineup advantage. Carlson, Curt A.; Gronlund, Scott D.; Clark, Steven E. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied. 2008 Jun Vol 14(2) 118-128
An analysis of multiple choices in MSL lineups, and a comparison with simultaneous and sequential ones. Levi, A. M.; Psychology, Crime & Law, Vol 12(3), Jun 2006. pp. 273-285.
No electronic version available for: Multiple choices large sequential lineups with children and adults. Levi, A. M. International Journal of Cognitive Technology. 2007 Fal Vol 12(2) 4-10
Confidence-Accuracy: Eyewitness
confidence and the confidence-accuracy relationship in memory for people.
Leippe, Michael R.; Eisenstadt, Donna . Lindsay, Rod C. L. (Ed);
Ross, David F. (Ed); Read, J. Don (Ed); Toglia, Michael P. (Ed). The
handbook of eyewitness psychology, Vol II: Memory for people. (pp.
377-425).
November 3
C-A: Sauer, James D.; Brewer, Neil; Weber, Nathan; Multiple Confidence Estimates as Indices of Eyewitness. Memory Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, Vol 137(3), Aug 2008. pp. 528-547.
Public eyewitness confidence can be influenced by the presence of other witnesses. Shaw III, John S.; Appio, Lauren M.; Zerr, Tana K.; Pontoski, Kristin E. Law and Human Behavior. 2007 Dec Vol 31(6) 629-652
Post-diction: Determining eyewitness identification accuracy using event-related brain potentials (ERPs). Lefebvre, C. D.; Marchand, Y.; Smith, S. M.; Connolly, J. F. Psychophysiology. 2007 Nov Vol 44(6) 894-904
Juror Evaluations: Belief of
eyewitness identification evidence. Boyce, Melissa; Beaudry, Jennifer;
Lindsay, R. C. L. Lindsay, Rod C. L. (Ed); Ross, David F. (Ed); Read, J.
Don (Ed); Toglia, Michael P. (Ed). The handbook of eyewitness psychology,
Vol II: Memory for people. (pp. 501-525).
November 10
Jurors:
Cutler, B.L., & Penrod, S.D. (1989). Moderators of the confidence- accuracy correlation in eyewitness identifications: The role of information processing and base-rates. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 3, 95-107. Alternative copy of paper—crummy in a different way.
Eyewitnesses under influence: How feedback affects the realism in confidence judgements. Allwood, Carl Martin; Knutsson, Jens; Granhag, P&är Anders. Psychology, Crime & Law, 2006, 12, 25-38.
Calibration Trumps Confidence as a Basis for Witness Credibility. Tenney, Elizabeth R.; MacCoun, Robert J.; Spellman, Barbara A.; Hastie, Reid Psychological Science. 2007 Jan Vol 18(1) 46-50.
The Impact of Eyewitness Expert Evidence and Judicial Instruction on Juror Ability to Evaluate Eyewitness Testimony, Kristy A. Martire and Richard I. Kemp in press Law and Human Behavior
Who can judge the accuracy of eyewitness statements? A comparison of professionals and lay-persons. Torun Lindholm (in press) Applied Cognitive Psychology
The impact of eyewitness identifications from simultaneous and sequential lineups. Wright, Daniel B. Memory. 2007 Oct Vol 15(7) 746-754.
Investigating Investigators: Examining the Impact of Eyewitness Identification Evidence on Student-Investigators. Melissa A. Boyce, D. Stephen Lindsay and C. A. E. Brimacombe (2008). Law and Human Behavior, 32, 439-453.
Not assigned—for reference only
Distinguishing accurate identifications from erroneous ones: Post-dictive indicators of eyewitness accuracy. Caputo, Deanna D.; Dunning, David. Lindsay, Rod C. L. (Ed); Ross, David F. (Ed); Read, J. Don (Ed); Toglia, Michael P. (Ed). The handbook of eyewitness psychology, Vol II: Memory for people. (pp. 427-449). Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers (2007) xii, 601 pp.
Validity in judgments of high- and low-accurate witnesses of own and other ethnic groups. Lindholm, Torun Legal and Criminological Psychology. 2008 Feb Vol 13(1) 107-121
November 17—Maureen
November 24
Generalizing Findings: Penrod, S. D. &
Bornstein, B. H. (2007). Generalizing Eyewitness Reliability Research.
In R.C.L. Lindsay, D. Ross, D Read & M. Toglia, (Eds.), Handbook of eyewitness
psychology (Vol. II): Memory for people. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Field Studies: Illinois--summary results
Policy forum: Studying eyewitness investigations in the field. Schacter, Daniel L.; Dawes, Robyn; Jacoby, Larry L.; Kahneman, Daniel; Lempert, Richard; Roediger, Henry L.; Rosenthal, Robert Law and Human Behavior. 2008 Feb Vol 32(1) 3-5
Moving forward: Response to "Studying eyewitness investigations in the field.". Ross, Stephen J.; Malpass, Roy S. Law and Human Behavior. 2008 Feb Vol 32(1) 16-21
Legal Context: Benton, Tanja Rapus; McDonnell, Stephanie; Ross, David F.; Thomas III, W. Neil; Bradshaw, Emily Has eyewitness research penetrated the American legal system? A synthesis of case history, juror knowledge, and expert testimony. In Lindsay, Rod C. L. (Ed); Ross, David F. (Ed); Read, J. Don (Ed); Toglia, Michael P. (Ed). The handbook of eyewitness psychology, Vol II: Memory for people. (pp. 453-500). Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers (2007) xii, 601 pp.
Suggestive Eyewitness Identification Procedures and the Supreme Court’s Reliability Test in Light of Eyewitness Science: 30 Years Later. Gary L. Wells Æ Deah S. Quinlivan. 2008. Law and Human Behavior
December 1
Garry, M., Strange, D., Bernstein, D. M., & Kinzett, T. (2007). Photographs can distort memory for the news. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 21, 995-1004
Jury Selection: Community Surveys. Chapter 3 Lieberman, Joel D.; Sales, Scientific jury selection. (pp. 39-56). Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association (2007) ix, 261 pp.
Overall Effectiveness of Scientific Jury Selection. Chapter 8 Lieberman, Joel D.; Sales, Bruce D. Scientific jury selection. (pp. 143-165). Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association (2007) ix, 261 pp.
Scientific Jury Selection: Does It Work? Seltzer, Richard Journal of Applied Social Psychology. 2006 Oct Vol 36(10) 2417-2435
December 8
CSI Effects:
Tom R. Tyler, Is the CSI Effect Good Science?, Yale L.J.
( The Pocket Part), Feb. 2006,
http://www.thepocketpart.org/2006/02/tyler.html
Dysart
grant proposal
Methods:
Bornstein, B. H. (1999). The ecological validity of jury simulations: Is the
jury still out?. Law and Human Behavior, 23,
75-91.
Civil juries in ecological context: Methodological implications for research.
Vidmar, Nei.l
Bornstein, Brian H. (Ed); Wiener, Richard L. (Ed);
Schopp, Robert (Ed);
Willborn, Steven L. (Ed). Civil juries and
civil justice: Psychological and legal perspectives. (pp. 35-65).
December 15 -- short presentations on research proposals by each student (not more than 10 mins each incl questions, critiques, etc)