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OLDER PUBLICATIONS
---
you can download the highlighted references in adobe.pdf format. BUT--in the
interest of keeping copyrights protected, the files are "locked"--simply email
Steve at 
[spenrod@jjay.cuny.edu] for the "key". Please
email if you see a broken link.
Penrod, S. (1994).
The psychology of criminal justice. Contemporary Psychology, 39, 897-898.
Heuer, L.B. &
Penrod, S.D. (1994). Predicting the outcomes of disputes: Consequences for disputant
reactions to procedures and outcomes. Journal of Applied Social Psychology,
24, 260-283.
Otto, A. L., Penrod,
S. & Dexter, H. (1994). The biasing impact of pretrial publicity on juror
judgments. Law and Human Behavior, 18, 453-470.
Heuer, L.B. &
Penrod, S. (1994). Juror notetaking and question asking during trials: A national
field experiment. Law and Human Behavior, 18, 121-150.
Kovera M.B, Levy,
R.J., Borgida, E. & Penrod, S.D. (1994). Expert testimony in child sexual
abuse cases: Effects of expert evidence type and cross-examination. Law and
Human Behavior, 18, 653-674.
Heuer, L.B. &
Penrod, S. (1994). Trial complexity: A field investigation of its meaning and
its effects. Law and Human Behavior, 18, 29-52.
Cutler, B.L., Berman, G.L., Penrod, S.D., & Fisher, R.P. (1994). Conceptual, practical and empirical
issues associated with eyewitness identification test media. In Ross, D., Read,
J.D. & Toglia, M., (Eds.). Adult Eyewitness Testimony: Current Trends
and Developments. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Penrod, S. (1993).
The child witness, the courts, and psychological research. Minnesota Nelson,
C. (Ed.). Memory and Affect in Development: Symposia on Child Psychology,
Vol. 26. Hilldale, N.J.: Erlbaum.
Penrod, S. &
Cutler, B.L. (1992). Eyewitnesses, experts, and jurors: Improving the quality
of jury decision-making in eyewitness cases. In J. Misumi, B. Wilpert, &
H. Motoaki (Eds.), Organizational and Work Psychology. Hilldale, N.J.;
Erlbaum.
Kovera, M.B., Park,
R.C., & Penrod, S. (1992). Jurors' perceptions of eyewitness and hearsay
evidence. University of Minnesota Law Review, 76, 703-722.
Linz, D. &
Penrod, S.D. (1992). Exploring the First and Sixth Amendments: Pretrial publicity
and jury decisionmaking. In Kagehiro, D. K. & Laufer, W. S. (Eds.). Handbook
of Psychology and Law. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Olczak, P. V.,
Kaplan, M. F., & Penrod, S.D. (1991). Attorney's lay psychology and its
effectiveness in selecting jurors: Three empirical studies. Journal of Social
Behavior and Personality, 6, 431-452.
Cutler, B.L., Penrod,
S.D., & Dexter, H.R. (1990). Nonadversarial methods for sensitizing jurors
to eyewitness evidence. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 20, 1197-1207.
Penrod, S.D. (1990).
Predictors of jury decisionmaking in criminal and civil cases: A field experiment.
Forensic Reports, 3, 261-277.
Fulero, S.M. &
Penrod, S.D. (1990). The myths and realities of attorney jury selection folklore
and scientific jury selection: What works? Ohio Northern University Law Review,
XVII, 229-253.
Cutler, B.L., &
Penrod, S.D. (1990). Estimator Variables and Eyewitness Identification. In G. Kohnken and S.L. Sporer (Eds.), Eyewitness Identification: Psychological
Knowledge, Problems, and Perspectives. Verlag fur Angewandte Psychologie:
Stuttgart. (In German).
Heuer, L., & Penrod,
S. D. (1990). Some suggestions for the critical appraisal of a more active jury.
Northwestern Law Review, 85, 301-314.
Fulero, S.M. &
Penrod, S.D. (1990). Attorney jury selection folklore: What do they think and
how can psychologists help? Forensic Reports, 3, 233-259.
Cutler, B.L., Penrod,
S.D., & Dexter, H.R. (1990). Juror sensitivity to eyewitness identification
evidence. Law and Human Behavior, 14, 185-191.
Penrod, S.D. &
Cutler, B.L. (1989). Assessing the need for and impact of eyewitness expert
testimony on jury decisionmaking. Law and Contemporary Problems, 52,
1001-1041.
Heuer, L.B., &
Penrod, S.D. (1989). Instructing jurors: A field experiment with written and
preliminary instructions. Law and Human Behavior, 13, 409-430.
Penrod, S., Bull,
M., and Lengnick, S. (1989). Children as observers and witnesses: The empirical
data. Journal of Family Law, XXIII, 412-431.
O'Rourke, T., Penrod,
S.D., Cutler, B.L., & Stuve, T.E. (1989). The external validity of eyewitness
identification research: Generalizing across age groups. Law and Human Behavior,
13, 385-396.
Cutler,
B.L. &
Penrod, S.D. (1989). Forensically relevant moderators of the relation between
eyewitness identification accuracy and confidence. Journal of Applied Psychology,
74, 650-653.
Heuer, L.B. &
Penrod, S.D. (1989). Trial lawyers in the box? Jurors question witnesses. The
Docket.
Cutler, B.L., Penrod,
S.D., & Dexter, H.R. (1989). The eyewitness, the expert psychologist, and
the jury. Law and Human Behavior, 13, 311-332.
Penrod, S. (1989).
Shedding empirical light on legal controversies. Contemporary Psychology,
34. 738-739.
Cutler, B.L., Dexter,
H.R., & Penrod, S.D. (1989). Expert testimony and jury decision making:
An empirical analysis. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 7, 215-225.
Cutler, B.L., &
Penrod, S.D. (1989). Moderators of the confidence-accuracy correlation in eyewitness
identifications: The role of information processing and base-rates. Applied
Cognitive Psychology, 3, 95-107.
Linz, D., Penrod,
S., & Donnerstein, E. (1988). Effects of long-term exposure to violent and
sexually degrading depictions of women. Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology, 55, 758-768.
Penrod, S. D. (1988).
Psychology in court: The child witness. Contemporary Psychology, 33,
655-657.
Sharp, G.L., Cutler,
B.L., & Penrod, S.D. (1988). Performance feedback improves the resolution
of confidence judgments. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,
42, 271-283.
Cutler, B. L.,
Stocklein, C. J., & Penrod, S. D. (1988). An empirical examination of a
computerized facial composite production system. Forensic Reports, 1, 207-218.
Cutler, B. L.,
Penrod, S. D., & Schmolesky, J. M. (1988). Presumption instructions and
juror decision making. Forensic Reports, 1, 165-192.
Heuer, L. B., &
Penrod, S. D. (1988). Increasing jurors' participation in trials: A field experiment
with jury notetaking and question asking. Law and Human Behavior, 12,
231-262.
Cutler, B. &
Penrod, S. (1988). Context reinstatement and eyewitness identification. In G.
Davies & D. Thomson (Eds.), Memory in Context: Context in Memory.
Chichester: Wiley. pp. 231-244.
Cutler, B. L.,
& Penrod, S. D. (1988). Improving the reliability of eyewitness identification:
Lineup construction and presentation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 73,
281-290.
Cutler, B. L.,
Penrod, S. D., & Stuve, T. E. (1988). Juror decisionmaking in eyewitness
identification cases. Law and Human Behavior, 12, 41-55.
Spear,
P. Penrod, S, & Baker, T. (1988). Psychology. New York: Wiley.
Cutler, B.L., Penrod,
S.D., & Martens, T.K. (1987). Improving the reliability of eyewitness identifications:
Putting context into context. Journal of Applied Psychology, 72,
629-637.
Penrod, S. D. (1987).
Covert facilitation: A necessary adjunct to overt facilitation? Journal of
Social Issues, 43, 71-78.
Linz, D., Donnerstein,
E., Penrod, S. D. (1987). The findings and recommendations of the Attorney General's
Commission on pornography: Do the psychological "facts" fit the political fury?
American Psychologist, 42, 946-953.
Cutler, B. L.,
Penrod, S. D., & Martens, T. K. (1987). The reliability of eyewitness identifications:
The Role of System and Estimator Variables. Law and Human Behavior, 11,
233-258.
Linz, D., Penrod,
S., & Donnerstein, E. (1987). The Attorney General's Commission on Pornography:
The gaps between "findings" and facts. American Bar Foundation Research Journal,
1987, 713-736.
Donnerstein, E.,
Linz, D., & Penrod, S. (1987). The Question of Pornography: Scientific
Findings and Policy Implications. New York: Free Press.
Penrod, S. D.,
& Cutler, B. L. (1987). Assessing the competency of juries. In I. Weiner
& A. Hess (Eds.), The Handbook of Forensic Psychology. New York:
Wiley.
Linz, D., Donnerstein,
E., & Penrod, S. (1987). Sexual violence in the mass media: Social psychological
implications. P. Shaver & C. Hendrick (Eds.), Research in Personality
and Social Psychology (Vol. 7). Beverly Hills, CA.: Sage.
Linz, D., Penrod,
S., & Donnerstein, E. (1986). Alternative social policies for dealing with
the effects of media violence on social behavior. Journal of Social Issues,
42, 171-193.
Cutler, B. L.,
Penrod, S. D., O'Rourke, T. E., & Martens, T. K. (1986). Unconfounding the
effects of contextual cues on eyewitness identification accuracy. Social
Behavior, 1, 113-134.
Heuer, L. &
Penrod, S. (1986). Procedural preference as a function of conflict intensity.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 700-710.
Shapiro, P. &
Penrod, S. (1986). A meta-analysis of facial identification studies. Psychological
Bulletin, 100, 139-156.
Tanford, S. &
Penrod, S. (1986). Jury deliberations: Discussion content and influence processes
in jury decision making. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 16, 322-347.
Linz, D., Penrod, S., &
McDonald, E. (1986). Attorney communications in the courtroom: Views from and
off the bench. Law and Human Behavior, 10, 281-302.
Penrod, S. (1986). Social
psychology. 2nd Ed. New York: Prentice-Hall.
Pavitt, C. & Penrod, S. (1986).
A test of two implicit assumptions of algebraic modeling: Salience and
familiarity effects in affective evaluations of national leaders. Journal of
Social Psychology, 126, 291-304.
Penrod, S. (1985). The growth of
social science in the law. Contemporary Psychology, 30, 959-960.
Donnerstein, E., Linz, D., &
Penrod, S. (1985). Massive exposure to media violence and desensitization.
Aggressive Behavior, 11, 161 (abstract).
Tanford, S., Penrod, S., &
Collins, R. (1985). Decisionmaking in joined criminal trials: The influence of
charge similarity, evidence similarity, and limiting instructions. Law and
Human Behavior, 9, 319-337.
Krafka, C., & Penrod, S.
(1985). Reinstatement of context in a field experiment on eyewitness
identification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49,
58-69.
Penrod, S., & Linz, D. (1985).
Voir dire: Its uses and abuses. In M. Kaplan, (Ed.), The impact of social
psychology on procedural justice. Springfield, IL: C. C. Thomas.
Tanford, S., & Penrod S. (1984).
Social Influence Model: A formal integration of research on majority and
minority influence processes. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 189-225.
Tanford, S., & Penrod, S.
(1984). Social inference processes in juror judgments of multiple-offense
trials. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 749-765.
Linz, D., & Penrod, S.
(1984). Increasing attorney persuasiveness in the courtroom. Law and
Psychology Review, 8, 1-47.
Linz, D., Donnerstein, E., &
Penrod, S. (1984). The effects of long-term exposure to filmed violence against
women. Journal of Communication, 34, 130-147. Reprinted in
Media in Society: Readings in Mass Communication, Deming & Becker (Eds.),
1988.
Penrod, S., & Linz, D. (1984).
Using psychological research on violent pornography to inform legal change. In
N. Malamuth & E. Donnerstein (Eds.), Pornography and sexual aggression.
New York: Academic Press.
Penrod, S., Coates, D.,
Linz, D., Herzberg, S. Atkinson, M., & Heuer, L. (1984). The implications of
social science research for trial practice attorneys. In D. J. Muller, D. G.
Blackman, & A. J. Chapman (Eds.), Perspectives in psychology and law.
London: Wiley.
Linz, D., Turner, C., Hesse, B.,
& Penrod, S. (1984). Using psychological research on violent pornography in
civil litigation. In N. Malamuth & Donnerstein (Eds.), Pornography and sexual
aggression. New York: Academic Press.
Penrod, S., & Borgida, E.
(1983). Legal rules and lay inference. In L. Wheeler (Ed.), Review of
personality and social psychology (Vol. 4). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Tanford, S., & Penrod, S. (1983). Computer modeling of influence in the jury:
The role of the consistent juror. Social Psychology Quarterly, 46,
200-212.
Hastie, R., Penrod, S., & Pennington, N. (1983). Inside the jury.
Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.
Penrod, S. (1983). Jury decision
making models. In H. H. Blumberg, P. Hare, V. Kent, & M. Davies (Eds.), Small
groups and social interaction (Vol. 2). Chichester, England: Wiley.
Hastie, R., Penrod, S., &
Pennington, N. (1983). What goes on in a jury deliberation. American Bar
Association Journal, 69, 1848-1853.
Penrod, S. (1983). Social
psychology. New York: Prentice-Hall.
Tanford, S., & Penrod, S.
(1982). Biases in trials involving defendants charged with multiple offenses.
Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 12, 453-470.
Penrod, S.D., Donnerstein, E., &
Linz, D. (1982). Scientific research on pornography and violence: implications
for American law. Bulletin of the British Psychological Society, 35,
100 (abstract).
Penrod, S., Loftus, E. F., & Winkler, J. (1982). The reliability of eyewitness
testimony: A psychological perspective. In N. Kerr & R. Bray (Eds.), The
psychology of the courtroom. New York: Academic Press.
Coates, D., & Penrod, S.
(1981-82). The social psychology of dispute resolution. Law and Society
Review, 15, 701-726.
Penrod, S., & Hastie, R. (1980).
A computer simulation of jury decision making. Psychological Review, 87,
133-159.
Penrod, S., & Hastie, R. (1979).
Models of jury decision-making: A critical review. Psychological Bulletin,
86, 462-492.